" Essay on Water Pollution in Egypt "

                 *Water covers over 70% of the Earth's surface and it is very important resource for people and the environment. Allah said in Holy Quran that " We have made from water every living thing " .The Nile River is one of this resources in Egypt and it is the lifeline of Egypt. But unfortunately, Egypt suffers from water pollution in rivers , drinking water and lakes . Water pollution is the presence of any material in the water that is harmful to humans , plants or animals, or affects its taste and odor, or detracts from any use that can be made of it. There are many types and causes of water pollution which are surface water pollution, oxygen depletion, chemicals , nutrients, groundwater and microbiological. These reasons cause many negative and harmful effects on the health of  humans , plants and animals . We must to look for a cure for that great problem.

           

                 *On one hand, there are many reasons of water pollution . Sewage and wastewater is one of the causes of water pollution which causes problems when people wash chemical substances down the toilet. Sewage often carries harmful viruses and bacteria into the environment causing health problems. Also, Industry is a huge source of water pollution, it produces pollutants like lead , mercury and petrochemicals . Polluted by oil comes from oil spills, shipping , and dumping. Nuclear waste is produced from industrial and scientific processes that use radioactive material as the mining of Uranium and Thorium .The rise in the Earth's water temperature is caused by global warming , bathing in the Nile and canal water , washing pots , cleaning vegetables, poultry and livestock, and even throwing of which is spent from them in the water make a large percentage of water pollution . Pesticides are used in farming to control weeds cause water pollution and poison aquatic life. The air pollution and car fumes have a great effect on the water as it can pollute it. The other cause of water pollution is the use of poisons and explosives and electro-shock for fishing.

                 *On the other hand , all types of water pollution  have  harmful effects on the health of  humans , plants and  animals . Heavy metals from industrial processes are toxic to marine life such as fish , and subsequently to the humans who eat them. Industrial waste often contains many toxic compounds that damage the health of aquatic animals and humans . Microbial water pollution from sewage is a major problem in Egypt, with diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever . Organic matter and nutrients causes an increase in aerobic algae and depletes oxygen from the water . This causes the death of fish and other aquatic organisms. Sulfate from acid rain can cause harm the health of marine life in the rivers and lakes. Rain and irrigation water sends to cultivated land that has been fertilized and treated with pesticides and these pesticides are toxic and pollute the water in a different mode.

                  *Allah said in Holy Quran that “Evil (sins and disobedience of Allah) has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned (evil deeds) that Allah may make them taste a part of that which they have done, in order that they may return (by repenting to Allah, and begging His Pardon). So the pollution happened because of us and what we did as we neglected in using water.We have to Keep water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary.  We must be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet .We must use environmentally household products in cleaning, and take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers .Least we can do that we don't throw litter into rivers, lakes and find ways of modern technology and water cleaning. The media has to have a role to urge not to pollute the Nile river . Finally, The Egyptian Ministry of Environment must  put sanctions and laws and  take procedures to punish any factory , institution or individual who will disobey the instructions.